93-09: Water Reuse Within a RefineryBefore water reuse can be optimized within a refinery, all process water streams and utility water streams must be identified and their contaminants must be characterized. The streams can then be mixed and matched to minimize total refinery water use, water discharge, and water treatment. The cooling system is typically the largest consumer of water within a refinery, and consequently, it is the most likely place to reuse water. This paper identifies

6 million dollars present value

with an evaluation of the components and thermal potential the user can establish the necessary steps to meet his cooling requirements

many companies are reluctant to invest money and personnel in PdM programs because they don't understand how they work

These explanations are supported by tests

Both water and energy are critical natural resources that are interrelated in both their production and delivery

Chlorine residual

and managers traditionally strive to optimize cost without sacrificing performance goals and unit reliability

The discrete phase model is used to analyze erosion behavior and each simulation condition is evaluated in terms of erosion rate

5 millimeter of fouling

This standard sets forth rating practice and operating considerations for gear speed reducers used with propeller type fans on industrial water cooling towers

This paper presents laboratory and field data that describes the very successful application of a new microbiocide for control and removal of persistent and heavy algal growths

This is a brief review of some of the most important of these errors and methods to correct them